![]() ![]() We showed that the ciliated protozoan pathogen, Miamiensis avidus, was present in the central nervous system of leopard ( n=12) and other shark species ( n=2) that stranded in San Francisco Bay but was absent in leopard sharks caught elsewhere. ![]() We pursued a strategy for unbiased pathogen detection using metagenomic next-generation sequencing followed by orthogonal validation and further screening. Our investigation of the 2017 epizootic revealed severe meningoencephalitis in stranded sharks, raising suspicion for infection. Similar mass stranding events occurred in 19, but analysis of those epizootics was incomplete, and no etiology was confirmed. During March to August of 2017, hundreds of leopard sharks ( Triakis semifasciata) stranded and died on the shores of San Francisco Bay, California, US.
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